GYPSY TORNADO

36yo Bay or Brown Gelding
D.O.B: 03-Oct-1988
by ROGUE (IRE)  from MARIPOSA (NZ)
View Pedigree Report

Status Retired
Stewards Embargoes None on record
Last Gear Change* None on record.
Trainer
Racing Colours White, Pale Blue Diamonds, Red Striped Sleeves And Cap
Career Summary: 95-16:13:5    Prizemoney: $89,235    
Min/Max-Dist-Win: 1300/2200     1st Up: 8:0-0-0    2nd Up: 8:0-0-0    
Track: 15:0-2-0    Dist: 11:1-3-0    Track/Dist: 5:0-1-0
Firm: 26:2-0-1     Good: 54:11-11-3     Soft: 11:2-1-0     Heavy: 2:0-1-0    Synthetic: 0:0-0-0


 
4th of 9 TWBA 06Apr91 1000m Good3 2Y MDN $3,000 ($100) Kevin Birse 56kg Barrier 3
6th Golden Guide 55kg, 7th Kokum 54.5kg 0:00.00, 6.6L 4-1
7th of 14 TWBA 04May91 1000m Good3 2Y MDN $3,000 Kevin Birse 55.5kg Barrier 10
1st Devil's Own Luck 54kg, 2nd Royal Romance 55kg 1:02.25, 8.3L 6-1
5th of 14 TWBA 31Aug91 1200m Firm2 MDN $3,000 Kevin Birse 55kg Barrier 2
7th Mr. Snooks 54kg 0:00.00, 5.4L 5-1
7th of 9 IPSW 14Sep91 1200m Good3 3&4Y MDN $10,000 D Wilkes 53.5kg Barrier 7
3rd Northwest Express 54.5kg, 8th Sir Modern 51.5kg 0:00.00, 10L 12-1
3rd of 14 TWBA 28Sep91 1300m Firm2 MDN $3,000 ($300) Kevin Birse 54kg Barrier 9
0:00.00, 3.1L 10-1
1st of 11 TWBA 05Oct91 1300m Firm2 MDN $3,000 ($2,000) Kevin Birse 53.5kg Barrier 1
1:21.98 9-4
9th of 10 TWBA 19Oct91 1500m Firm2 CLD $3,000 Kevin Birse 53.5kg Barrier 8
2nd It's My Turn 54.5kg, 4th Share a Promise 55kg 0:00.00, 17.2L 11-2
6th of 9 TWBA 05Nov91 1300m Firm2 CLD $3,000 Kevin Birse 53kg Barrier 3
1st High Isle 54.5kg, 3rd Sylpha 53kg 1:20.00, 5.9L 12-1
5th of 5 TWBA 14Mar92 1300m Good3 3Y CL2 $4,000 Kevin Birse 52kg (cd 53kg) Barrier 5
1st Devil's Own Luck 54kg, 2nd Change the Music (NZ) 56kg 1:21.68, 9.8L 12-1
11th of 18 TWBA 26Mar92 1200m Firm2 CLD $7,000 Kevin Birse 52kg (cd 53kg) Barrier 15
1st Sir Apt 55kg 1:13.94, 3.4L 33-1
5th of 12 DALB 02Apr92 1400m Firm2 CLD $2,750 Kevin Birse 52kg (cd 52.5kg) Barrier 8
3rd Can She Canter 52.5kg 0:00.00, 2.2L 7-1
5th of 9 WARW 25Apr92 1350m Good3 CLD $1,900 Mr Wayne Glass 56.5kg Barrier 8
0:00.00, 7.8L 1-1
1st of 12 TWBA 16May92 1300m Soft7 CL1 $4,000 ($2,600) Terry Dalton 52.5kg (cd 53.5kg) Barrier 9
3rd Oo-Ma-Loo 56kg, 7th Nero's Command 56kg 1:24.35 8-1
1st of 10 TWBA 23May92 1600m Soft7 CLD $4,000 ($2,600) Terry Dalton 54.5kg Barrier 2
5th Can She Canter 53.5kg, 8th Walk to Bethany 54.5kg 1:45.54 4-1
2nd of 7 TWBA 08Jun92 1850m Good3 CL2 $4,000 ($800) Terry Dalton 55kg Barrier 1
0:00.00, 1L 3-1
Failed to Finish of 13 E FM 17Jun92 2162m Soft5 CL4 $7,000 Steven Sharman 52kg (cd 52.5kg) Barrier 7
1st Sports Kingdom 54kg, 7th Toberua 54kg 2:17.00, 16-1/25-1
1st of 4 ROMA 04Jul92 1600m Good 3Y CL6 $6,500 ($4,500) Terry Dalton 55kg Barrier 3
2nd Spenbar Lad 55kg 1:41.06, 3.8L 1-1
2nd of 14 E FM 29Jul92 1500m Good3 CL5 $7,500 ($1,500) Shane Shield 52kg (cd 51kg) Barrier 12
1st Kuwait City (NZ) 52kg 1:29.10, 2.5L, 20-1/33-1
12th of 12 E FM 15Aug92 1600m Firm2 CL6 $50,700 Mr Alan Cowie 51kg (cd 51.5kg) Barrier 12
1st Destroyer's Image (NZ) 55.5kg, 3rd Brechin Reign 52.5kg 1:34.10, 21.3L, 25-1/33-1
8th of 14 E FM 02Dec92 1300m Firm2 CL3 $7,000 C Barham 54kg Barrier 9
1st Bally Boxer 55.5kg 1:17.60, 4.3L, 10-1/12-1
14th of 16 E FM 19Dec92 1400m Good3 0MW $17,000 Mr Phillip Wolfgram 51kg (cd 49kg) Barrier 6
1st Candy Rock 51kg, 2nd Riverry 54.5kg 1:25.20, 7.4L 14-1
4th of 10 SCST 01Jan93 1600m Firm2 CL3 $4,500 ($200) Mr Bill Goodwin 55kg Barrier 4
1st Mail Change 53kg, 2nd Treaty House (NZ) 54.5kg 1:38.11, 0.8L 2-1
5th of 12 SCST 16Jan93 1600m Good3 CL4 $4,500 Mr Bill Goodwin 52.5kg Barrier 6
1st Secret War 54.5kg, 2nd Seattle Gleam (NZ) 53.5kg 1:37.88, 3L 4-1
8th of 12 DOOM 26Jan93 2200m Firm2 CL6 $17,000 Mr Phillip Wolfgram 51kg (cd 49.5kg) Barrier 9
0:00.00, 8L, 10-1/16-1
7th of 14 TWBA 30Jan93 1600m Firm2 CL3 $4,250 Mr Ken Waller 53.5kg (cd 54kg) Barrier 10
1st Sea Dette 49.5kg, 3rd Mail Change 52kg 1:39.32, 5.8L 10-1
5th of 8 GCST 06Feb93 2200m Firm2 CL4 $7,000 K Smith 53.5kg Barrier 2
2nd Hasty Park (NZ) 53.5kg, 3rd Regent Spirit 53.5kg 0:00.00, 4.9L 5-1
5th of 9 TWBA 20Feb93 1600m Firm2 CL3 $4,250 Kevin Birse 52.5kg (cd 53kg) Barrier 6
1st Picardy Harbour 52.5kg, 2nd Mede's Princess 52.5kg 1:41.13, 1.7L 9-1
1st of 9 DOOM 10Mar93 1661m Firm2 CL4 $7,000 ($4,700) Mr Phillip Wolfgram 52.5kg (cd 50kg) Barrier 8
2nd Warlance 55.5kg 1:40.30, 0.5L, 7-1/10-1
7th of 15 TWBA 25Mar93 1600m Firm2 CL5 $7,500 Mr Phillip Wolfgram 53.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Morning Siesta 54.5kg, 3rd Try And Remember 54.5kg 0:00.00, 6.3L, 6-1/14-1/12-1
4th of 13 DOOM 03Apr93 1638m Firm2 1MW $17,000 ($1,000) Mr Phillip Wolfgram 52kg (cd 50kg) Barrier 3
2nd Brittle (NZ) 49.5kg, 3rd Storm Appeal 52kg 0:00.00, 4.4L, 10-1/12-1
1st of 8 OAKY 12Apr93 1800m Fast CL6 $5,015 ($3,315) Terry Dalton 55.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Steel Enforcer 57kg, 7th Shawnee's Pride 55kg 1:54.80, 4L 2-1
13th of 16 E FM 26Apr93 2200m Good3 1MW $17,000 Michael Aspinall 52kg Barrier 10
1st Russian Waltz 52.5kg, 3rd Peacemaker (NZ) 53.5kg 2:16.80, 9.7L, 16-1/20-1
8th of 8 IPSW 06May93 2100m Good3 CL6 $8,000 G Cook 52kg Barrier 6
2nd Picnic Box 52.5kg, 3rd Steamy 55.5kg 0:00.00, 10.9L, 10-1/12-1/8-1
8th of 7 GAYN 15May93 1900m Soft5 OPEN HCP $5,500 Glenn Taylor 53kg (cd 53.5kg) Barrier 1
1st Nett Dollar 59.5kg, 3rd Belldeen Lad 53kg 1:58.90, 5.3L 7-2
1st of 4 CHIN 12Jun93 1400m Good3 CL6 $2,000 ($1,200) M Maloney 55kg Barrier 1
3rd Supreme Edge 55kg, 4th Steady Habit 55.5kg 1:27.50 7-4
6th of 6 TALW 26Jun93 1400m Good TALW CUP $4,420 Michael Callaghan 53kg (cd 54.5kg) Barrier 6
1st Regal Finale 56.5kg, 4th Pamulas 53.5kg 1:32.50, 9L 5-2
5th of 6 SCST 10Jul93 1600m Soft7 OPEN HCP $3,500 B Harding 53.5kg Barrier 7
1st Glory Park 53.5kg 1:40.64, 4.4L 10-1
2nd of 6 TWBA 17Jul93 1850m Soft5 OPEN HCP $4,250 ($875) Mr Phillip Wolfgram 55.5kg Barrier 2
1st Steamy 55.5kg 2:00.48, 3.5L 3-1
4th of 12 DOOM 31Jul93 1350m Good3 E&G CL6 $17,000 ($1,000) Jim Byrne 51.5kg (cd 52kg) Barrier 8
1st Dick the Decent 54kg, 2nd Becatide 49.5kg 1:19.60, 2.6L, 25-1/33-1
6th of 8 TWBA 07Aug93 1600m Firm2 OPEN HCP $20,000 R Doyle 54.5kg Barrier 6
1st Cafe Affair 55kg, 2nd St. Alban 54.5kg 1:38.76, 4.7L 7-1
16th of 20 DOOM 21Aug93 1350m Firm2 0MW $17,000 Michael Pelling 52kg Barrier 17
1st Sahara Jet 54kg, 3rd Mal Mer 51kg 1:20.30, 5.8L, 14-1/20-1
2nd of 12 E FM 28Aug93 1600m Heavy10 0MW $17,000 ($3,400) Mr Phillip Wolfgram 53kg (cd 50.5kg) Barrier 12
1st St. Alban 55.5kg, 3rd Keyhole (NZ) 53kg 1:40.70, 0.1L 10-1
15th of 16 E FM 11Sep93 1600m Good3 1MW $17,000 Mr Phillip Wolfgram 51.5kg (cd 49kg) Barrier 1
2nd St. Alban 54.5kg, 3rd Al's Kingdom 55.5kg 0:00.00, 8.8L, 12-1/14-1
1st of 7 GYMP 18Sep93 1600m Good CL6 $2,000 ($1,300) M Halpin 55.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Sir Beaumont 53kg, 3rd Noosaville 53kg 1:40.00, 0.1L 9-4
1st of 7 ROMA 02Oct93 1600m Good WFA $2,400 ($1,550) Mr Phillip Crich 58.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Prince of Passion 58.5kg, 3rd Class Action 57kg 1:42.00, 5.5L 7-4
1st of 12 GYMP 16Oct93 1600m Good GYMP CUP $8,750 ($6,200) Mr Phillip Crich 52kg (cd 52.5kg) Barrier 8
2nd Bugden Star 55kg, 3rd Bamba 51.5kg 1:38.70, 0.8L 10-1
2nd of 13 CHAR 02Nov93 2000m Good CHAR CUP $11,000 ($2,000) Mr Phillip Crich 59.5kg Barrier 6
3rd Stars And Stripes 60kg 0:00.00, 3L 3-1
1st of 10 ROMA 13Nov93 2200m Good ROMA CUP $12,000 ($8,700) Mr Phillip Crich 59kg Barrier 9
2:21.40 7-2
16th of 16 E FM 20Nov93 3200m Firm2 QLD CUP Listed $101,500 Mr Ken Pope 51kg Barrier 7
1st Native Dawn 55.5kg, 2nd Cool Credit 57kg 3:18.30R, 48.6L, 33-1/50-1
11th of 13 DOOM 19Mar94 1200m Firm2 2MW $18,500 Mr Phillip Crich 51.5kg (cd 52kg) Barrier 9
1st Full Partner 51kg, 2nd Sahara Geron 51.5kg 1:09.70, 7.3L, 25-1/60-1
6th of 7 OAKY 04Apr94 1000m Good OPEN HCP $4,400 Mr Phillip Crich 55kg Barrier 7
1st Odin 50kg, 2nd Lovely Spirit 52.5kg 0:58.20, 6.4L 15-1
14th of 19 DOOM 09Apr94 1350m Good3 0MW $18,500 Mr Phillip Crich 55kg Barrier 5
1st Big Rhumba 49.5kg, 2nd Kissicker 48.5kg 1:20.10, 6.9L, 20-1/40-1
6th of 7 WOND 25Apr94 1465m Good OPEN HCP $2,530 Mr Phillip Crich 56.5kg Barrier 1
2nd Dubloon 62kg, 3rd Rocket to Fame 55kg 0:00.00, 4.3L 4-6
9th of 17 E FM 07May94 1500m Soft7 0MW $30,000 Danny Craven 53.5kg (cd 52kg) Barrier 7
1st Magic Road 54.5kg, 3rd Our Bill 52.5kg 1:31.50, 10.2L, 33-1/40-1
2nd of 9 BURR 14May94 1600m Good OPEN HCP $4,650 ($1,200) Mr Phillip Crich 54.5kg Barrier 3
3rd Lovely Spirit 56.5kg 0:00.00, 0.8L 2-1
8th of 17 DOOM 27Aug94 1350m Firm2 0MW $21,500 Damian Smith 52kg (cd 49.5kg) Barrier 2
1st John's Don 51.5kg, 2nd Kissicker 54.5kg 1:19.90, 2.7L, 20-1/25-1
7th of 7 DOOM 10Sep94 1629m Soft7 OPEN HCP $21,500 Damian Smith 53kg (cd 50.5kg) Barrier 4
1st Don't Look Now 55.5kg, 2nd Gala Report 53kg 1:41.20, 10.1L, 14-1/20-1
11th of 11 TWBA 01Oct94 2050m Soft5 OPEN HCP $5,000 Stephen Killen 52.5kg Barrier 9
1st Solar Circle (NZ) 57.5kg, 2nd Pre Record 55.5kg 2:14.44, 19.1L 25-1
3rd of 12 GCST 08Oct94 1600m Good3 OPEN HCP $8,000 ($800) Damian Smith 52kg Barrier 2
1st Dutch Boy 54.5kg, 2nd Lurk (NZ) 56.5kg 1:38.15, 2.4L 50-1
6th of 12 GYMP 22Oct94 1600m Good GYMP CUP $8,650 Kevin Birse 53kg Barrier 9
1st Seymour Moss 50.5kg, 2nd Thank You All 53.5kg 1:36.40R, 11.5L 6-1
1st of 14 CHAR 01Nov94 2000m Good CHAR CUP $11,000 ($7,500) Kevin Birse 54kg Barrier 2
2nd Pre Record 61kg, 3rd String Quartet (NZ) 53.5kg 2:06.10, 1L 7-2
4th of 12 ROMA 12Nov94 2200m Good ROMA CUP $12,000 ($400) Kevin Birse 55kg Barrier 2
1st Stars And Stripes 54kg, 2nd Metallic Knight 53kg 2:19.20, 6.6L 6-4
12th of 14 E FM 17Dec94 1500m Firm2 0MW $21,500 Damian Smith 52.5kg (cd 50kg) Barrier 6
1st Celtic Cloak 54kg, 2nd Gold Satin 51.5kg 1:29.20, 11.8L, 20-1/40-1
10th of 10 TWBA 24Jun95 1300m Good3 OPEN HCP $10,000 B Appo 54kg Barrier 5
1st Irish Playwrite 54kg, 2nd Havana Series 54kg 1:20.81 (600m 36.28), 13.5L 33-1
11th of 18 E FM 08Jul95 1500m Soft5 0MW $21,500 Christian Reith 51.5kg (cd 48.5kg) Barrier 13
1st Cammie's Boy 52.5kg, 2nd Pregong 53kg 1:29.20 (600m 37.60), 8L, 50-1/100-1
1st of 5 GYMP 15Jul95 1465m Good OPEN HCP $2,480 ($1,600) Damian Smith 54kg Barrier 2
2nd Bapdine 54kg, 3rd Hero Class 51kg 1:30.80, 2L 6-4
1st of 9 BBRG 29Jul95 1600m Good BBRG CUP $10,000 ($7,000) Damian Smith 54.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Tacking Duel 55.5kg, 3rd Al Ameen's Pick 54.5kg 1:39.20, 3L 5-1
6th of 6 DOOM 09Aug95 1646m Firm2 OPEN HCP $10,000 Damian Smith 53kg Barrier 1
1st Kincaid (NZ) 55.5kg, 2nd Kampaign (NZ) 53kg 1:38.56 (600m 35.50), 6.6L, 16-1/20-1/15-1
3rd of 10 GYMP 25Aug95 1600m Good OPEN HCP $4,350 ($350) Damien Smith 57.5kg Barrier 9
1st Al Ameen's Pick 55.5kg, 2nd Honey Hunter 53kg 0:00.00, 12.5L, 5-4/7-4
11th of 11 DOOM 23Sep95 1350m Good3 1MW $21,500 Nathan Day 52kg Barrier 6
1st The Prophet's Son 56.5kg, 2nd Rancho Eumundi 53kg 1:19.34 (600m 34.31), 18.4L, 40-1/60-1/50-1
5th of 9 GYMP 30Sep95 1465m Good OPEN HCP $2,480 ($80) Mr Rocky Xuereb 58kg Barrier 2
1st Kiwi Lad 54kg, 2nd Carats 55kg 1:29.70, 9L 5-2
2nd of 4 ROMA 07Oct95 1600m Good WFA $4,000 ($800) Mr Anthony Lane 58.5kg Barrier 1
1st Metallic Knight 58.5kg, 3rd Parablue 58.5kg 1:40.60, 2.8L 6-4
4th of 7 WOND 21Oct95 2050m Good WOND CUP $5,960 ($130) T Hammond 57kg (cd 54kg) Barrier 7
1st Bogey Baby 54kg, 2nd Lotto's Brave 55.5kg 2:10.50, 11.5L 3-1
5th of 13 CHAR 07Nov95 2000m Good OPEN HCP $11,000 Damian Smith 57.5kg Barrier 11
1st Monash Star 57.5kg, 2nd Metallic Knight 58kg 2:05.93, 10.5L 7-2
9th of 10 GCST 25Nov95 1800m Soft5 WLTR $10,000 Damian Smith 54kg Barrier 2
1st Great Lover (NZ) 56kg, 2nd Kampaign (NZ) 54kg 1:51.32 (600m 37.78), 6.9L 25-1
1st of 12 ROMA 09Dec95 2200m Good ROMA CUP $12,285 ($8,785) Mr Peter Rewald 55.5kg Barrier 9
2nd Wrong Kind 50.5kg, 3rd Metallic Knight 57.5kg 2:20.60, 0.8L 5-1
7th of 7 GCST 01Jan96 2015m Good3 WLTR $12,000 Andrew Cox 55kg Barrier 2
1st Regal Clipper 54kg, 2nd Great Lover (NZ) 57kg 2:08.81 (600m 35.16), 5.4L 20-1
16th of 17 E FM 20Jan96 1500m Firm2 NMW $21,500 Len Hill 54.5kg Barrier 3
1st Mahlula Star 55.5kg, 2nd Rich Sovereign 55.5kg 1:28.50 (600m 35.40), 8.9L, 66-1/80-1
10th of 12 E FM 27Jan96 1800m Good3 1MW $21,500 Andrew Cox 52kg Barrier 12
1st Dodicimila 52kg, 2nd Share a Promise 53.5kg 1:48.00 (600m 36.80), 10.3L, 60-1/80-1
10th of 15 DOOM 13Apr96 1350m Good3 NMW $21,500 Christian Reith 52.5kg (cd 49.5kg) Barrier 1
1st Stolen Lyric 54kg, 2nd Prateus 54.5kg 1:19.25, 8.4L, 66-1/100-1
4th of 8 SCST 25Apr96 1400m Heavy10 OPEN HCP $7,500 ($250) Christian Reith 53kg (cd 51.5kg) Barrier 4
1st Serene Joy 53.5kg, 2nd Zephyr Isle 57kg 1:29.21, 4.3L 20-1
7th of 14 BARC 04May96 1600m Good OPEN HCP $25,250 Kevin Birse 55kg Barrier 11
1st Snedden 59.5kg, 2nd Valande's Image 52.5kg 1:38.12, 8.6L 5-1
10th of 11 GAYN 18May96 1900m Good3 GAYN CUP $5,600 Rhett Bellert 56.5kg Barrier 8
1st Sahara Comet 51kg, 2nd Radar Khan 52.5kg 1:59.60, 9.4L 5-1
2nd of 15 NNGO 01Jun96 1600m Good3 NNGO CUP $7,500 ($1,600) Ms M Grady 54.5kg Barrier 11
1st Scaraband 49kg, 3rd Immokalee Jack 52kg 1:38.60, 5L 14-1
14th of 14 E FM 08Jun96 2200m Good3 1MW $40,000 Alan Russell 52kg Barrier 8
1st Narooma Guy 53kg, 2nd Dannemora (NZ) 54kg 2:15.00 (600m 36.60), 21.8L, 66-1/100-1
1st of 8 GYMP 13Jul96 1600m Good OPEN HCP $2,580 ($1,700) Ms M Grady 57.5kg Barrier 5
2nd Chief Ambition 54kg, 3rd Master Dancer 55.5kg 1:40.30, 3L 3-1
2nd of 12 BBRG 03Aug96 1600m Good OPEN HCP $12,000 ($2,400) Ms M Grady 58.5kg Barrier 12
1st Balmore 56kg, 3rd Scaraband 58.5kg 1:40.60, 0.5L 7-2
2nd of 7 GYMP 23Aug96 1600m Good OPEN HCP $4,850 ($900) Ms M Grady 58kg Barrier 7
1st Balmore 57kg, 3rd Faith in Fashion 53.5kg 1:39.10, 1.5L, 2-1/9-4
2nd of 6 GYMP 12Oct96 1500m Good OPEN HCP $2,800 ($450) Ms M Grady 60.5kg Barrier 2
1st Peaceful Road 57.5kg, 3rd Hero Class 56kg 1:33.60R, 3L 7-4
4th of 10 GYMP 26Oct96 1600m Good GYMP CUP $10,050 ($400) Ms M Grady 59kg Barrier 4
1st Balmore 59kg, 2nd Danzante (NZ) 54kg 1:39.30, 3L 3-1
3rd of 13 CHAR 05Nov96 2000m Wet Fast OPEN HCP $11,000 ($1,000) Kevin Birse 60.5kg Barrier 2
1st Snedden 61kg, 2nd Audacious Boy 55kg 2:04.69, 6.5L 3-1
3rd of 12 ROMA 16Nov96 2200m Good ROMA CUP $12,285 ($1,000) Mr Peter Rewald 59.5kg Barrier 11
1st Danzante (NZ) 54kg, 2nd Buzman 53kg 2:19.60, 5.1L 6-1
2nd of 5 ROMA 07Dec96 1600m Good OPEN HCP $3,000 ($600) Mr Anthony Lane 59kg Barrier 1
1st King Idalia 54.5kg, 3rd Seaboard (NZ) 54kg 1:39.90, 0.3L 1-1
2nd of 5 GYMP 25Jan97 1500m Good OPEN HCP $2,500 ($450) Mrs Debi O'Toole (a) 61.5kg (cd 58.5kg) Barrier 3
1st Chief Ambition 57.5kg, 3rd Demasus 54kg 1:33.70, 7L 13-8
9th of 11 BDST 07Feb97 1650m Firm2 OPEN HCP $10,000 Mrs Debi O'Toole 53kg (cd 50kg) Barrier 1
1st Dego Court 55.5kg, 2nd Daytone 53kg 1:39.90, 7.1L, 16-1/20-1